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R. A. Podoprigora STATE AND CHURCH (ADMINISTRATIVE LAW ISSUES)
This book presents the results of research of state-church relations that emphasizes the administrative law issues of those relations. The analysis of enormous volume of scientific, legislative and practical matters from various countries has been presented in this work for the first time. The author focuses on historical issues of interaction between religious organizations and the state in various societies and cultures. He makes the conclusion that the approaches formed in Europe during XVII-XIX centuries have become the basis for contemporary state-church relations in many countries. Based on experience from numerous countries, the author determines terminological problems, which lawmakers and lawyers can face concerning issues of religion and religious organizations. The author underlines the fact that religion and elements relating to it are quite multi- faceted and cannot be determined by normative legal definitions. Much attention is paid to the typology of countries according to their attitude towards religion and religious organizations. Analyzing a multitude of opinions concerning this issue, the author has designed his own typology in accordance with what he characterizes as a) religious countries; b) countries having a state religion (church); c) countries which relate neutrally towards religious organizations and d) countries based on separation of religious organizations from state. Sources of law in the sphere of state - church relations are divided into three groups: universal international, regional international and national sources. The author concludes that in the system of such sources, legislative acts are to be named in the majority of the world countries. Continental Law has made a great impact over law sources in many countries. Special attention in this work has been paid to the issues of legalization of religious organizations. The author states that legalizing can be carried out at various levels and forms: through state registration, by recognition, by making contracts and passing a law. He gives examples of countries where we can observe the lack of such legalization alongside the existence of other legal options for enjoying collective religious practice. Sharing the traditional opinion that religious freedom is absolute, but freedom of religious practice is to be restricted by the state, the author reveals the essence of administrative powers of contemporary states relating to worship, missionary and educational activity of religious organizations as well as relating to priests. Foreign experience has been studied in the light of its implementation in Kazakhstan. The last chapter of the book throws light on the background of legal relations between state and religious organizations in Kazakhstan, their current status and problems of state-church relations. The author offers measures for improving legislation and state body’s activity in Kazakhstan. The book is designed for experts in the sphere of state-church relations, constitutional, administrative law and comparative law, religious experts, and for those who are concerned in matters of state - church relations.
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